IT’S (RELATIVELY) EASY TO ACCEPT HELP FROM A FRIEND –
BUT WHAT ABOUT AN ENEMY? Luke 10:25-37
Rev. Paul Wrightman 1/30/22
PERHAPS THE GREATEST CHALLENGE TO OUR RECEIVING
A DEEPER UNDERSTANDING OF THIS PARTICULAR PARABLE,
WHICH WE KNOW AS “THE PARABLE OF THE GOOD SAMARITAN,”
IS THAT WE ARE ALL SO FAMILIAR WITH IT THAT WE THINK
WE ALREADY KNOW ALL THERE IS TO KNOW ABOUT IT.
IN ORDER TO REKINDLE YOUR INTEREST IN THIS STORY,
LET ME BEGIN BY LETTING THE CAT OUT OF THE BAG
THAT WAS ORIGINALLY GOING TO BE LET OUT
TOWARD THE END OF THIS SERMON.
THE LOOSE CAT THAT I WOULD LIKE TO MENTION IS THE FACT
THAT THIS PARABLE IS JUST AS MUCH ABOUT THE
MAN-WHO-FELL-AMONG-THIEVES AS IT IS ABOUT
THE GOOD SAMARITAN WHO HELPED HIM.
LOOKED AT FROM THIS PERSPECTIVE, THE PARABLE IS NOT JUST
ABOUT OUR GIVING HELP TO THOSE IN NEED,
BUT JUST AS MUCH ABOUT OUR RECEIVING HELP FROM THOSE
WHOM WE CONSIDER TO BE OUR ENEMIES,
THAT IS, THOSE WHOM WE MOST STRONGLY DISLIKE,
THOSE WHOM WE FIND MOST DISAGREEABLE.
LOOKED AT FROM THIS PERSPECTIVE, THE CHALLENGE
OF THIS PARABLE, IN ADDITION TO THAT OF BEING
A GOOD NEIGHBOR, THEN BECOMES: HOW GOOD AM I
AT RECEIVING HELP FROM THE VERY PERSON I WOULD LEAST
LIKE TO RECEIVE HELP FROM?
BUT BEFORE WE GET TO THIS NEW TAKE ON THIS PARABLE,
LET’S TAKE A NEW LOOK AT SOME VERY FAMILIAR TERRITORY.
IN MIDDLE EASTERN TRADITIONAL CULTURE THE TEACHER SITS
AND THE STUDENT SHOWS RESPECT FOR THE TEACHER
BY STANDING TO ANSWER OR TO RECITE.
OUR TEXT TELLS US THAT THE LAWYER STANDS,
NOT IN ORDER TO ANSWER, BUT IN ORDER TO TEST.
TESTING A TEACHER IN THAT CULTURE IS A WAY OF SHOWING
DISRESPECT, EVEN CONTEMPT.
BUT THE LAWYER ONLY SUCCEEDS IN SHOWING
HIS OWN IGNORANCE BECAUSE HIS QUESTION IS STUPID.
YOU’VE HEARD ME SAY AGAIN AND AGAIN THAT THERE’S
NO SUCH THING AS A STUPID QUESTION.
HERE’S THE EXCEPTION TO THAT RULE.
“WHAT MUST I DO TO INHERIT ETERNAL LIFE?”
WHAT CAN ANYONE DO TO INHERIT ANYTHING?
INHERITANCE, BY ITS VERY NATURE, IS A GIFT, AN ACT OF GRACE,
NOT PAYMENT FOR SERVICES RENDERED.
JESU8S SHOWS US ANOTHER OF HIS VERBAL KUNG-FU MOVES
AND ANSWERS THE LAWYER’S QUESTION WITH A QUESTION
OF HIS OWN, THUS PUTTING THE LAWYER BACK IN HIS PLACE
AS A STUDENT EXPECTED TO ANSWER.
THIS REMINDS ME OF THE WOODY ALLEN JOKE:
INQUIRER: WHY DOES A RABBI ALWAYS ANSWER A QUESTION
WITH A QUESTION? RABBI, AFTER A LONG PAUSE:
WHY SHOULDN’T A RABBI ALWAYS ANSWER A QUESTION
WITH A QUESTION?
SO JESUS ANSWERS THE LAWYER’S QUESTION ABOUT WHAT
ONE HAS TO DO TO INHERIT ETERNAL LIFE WITH THE
FURTHER QUESTION “WHAT IS WRITTEN IN THE LAW?
WHAT DO YOU READ THERE?”
THE LAWYER IS PUT IN THE POSITION OF HAVING TO RECITE
THE CORRECT ANSWER, WHICH HE DUTIFULLY DOES.
JESUS THEN TELLS THE LAWYER, “FINE, FOLLOW YOUR OWN ADVICE.
LIVE UP TO THESE STANDARDS AND YOU WILL INDEED
INHERIT ETERNAL LIFE.”
TO INHERIT ETERNAL LIFE, ALL HE MUST DO IS TO CONSISTENTLY PRACTICE UNQUALIFIED LOVE FOR GOD AND NEIGHBOR.
IS JESUS THEREBY SAYING THAT SALVATION CAN BE EARNED?
INDEED, ANYONE WHO CAN MEET SUCH A STANDARD
DOES NOT NEED GRACE.
BUT THE STANDARD IS TO LOVE GOD UNFAILINGLY
WITH ALL ONE’S HEART, MIND, SOUL, AND STRENGTH,
AND TO CONSISTENTLY LOVE NEIGHBOR AS MUCH AS SELF.
AS ST. PAUL PUTS IT, THE PROBLEM IS NOT THE LAW;
THE PROBLEM IS THAT WE CANNOT KEEP IT.
HERE THE STANDARD SET BY JESUS ELUDES OUR FINEST EFFORTS.
TO PUT IT ANOTHER WAY, THE LAWYER ASKS,
“WHAT MUST I DO TO INHERIT ETERNAL LIFE?”
AND JESUS REPLIES, “YOU MUST JUMP OVER
THIS TWENTY FOOT FENCE.”
THE LAWYER SHOULD BE ABLE TO SEE THAT HE SIMPLY
CANNOT JUMP THAT HIGH, AND THAT HE HAD THEREBY
ASKED THE WRONG QUESTION.
BUT HE FAILS THIS EXPECTATION.
INSTEAD, HE REPEATS HIS QUESTION IN A DIFFERENT FORM.
HE APPARENTLY SAYS TO HIMSELF, “SO, I MUST LOVE GOD
AND NEIGHBOR TO EARN MY SALVATION.
FINE. WHAT I NEED NOW ARE A FEW DEFINITIONS.
TO LOVE GOD IS TO KEEP THE LAW. I ALREADY KNOW THAT.
WHAT I NEED IS SOME CLARIFICATION OF EXACTLY
WHO IS AND WHO IS NOT MY NEIGHBOR.
ONCE I HAVE CLARIFICATION ON THIS POINT, I CAN PROCEED.”
LUKE HELPS US TO UNDERSTAND WHAT IS GOING THROUGH
THE LAWYER’S MIND BY INCLUDING THE SENTENCE
BUT WANTING TO JUSTIFY HIMSELF, HE ASKED JESUS,
“AND WHO IS MY NEIGHBOR?”
TO BE JUSTIFIED, IN BIBLICAL LANGUAGE, MEANS TO BE GRANTED
THE STATUS OF ONE WHOM GOD ACCEPTS.
THIS FELLOW, DESIRING TO JUSTIFY HIMSELF, IS CLEARLY A PERSON
WHO WANTS TO ACHIEVE ACCEPTANCE FROM GOD
ON HIS OWN MERITS.
SO HE ASKS, “WHO IS MY NEIGHBOR?”
AS A GOOD FIRST CENTURY JEWISH PERSON, HE EXPECTS JESUS,
ALSO A GOOD FIRST CENTRUY JEWISH PERSON,
TO RESPOND WITH A LIST THAT THE LAWYER HOPES HE CAN MANAGE.
IN HIS MIND, JESUS CAN BE COUNTED ON TO GIVE THE STANDARD
ANSWER THAT ONE’S NEIGHBOR WILL NATURALLY INCLUDE
THE FELLOW JEW WHO KEEPS THE LAW IN A PRECISE FASHION.
GENTILES ARE NOT NEIGHBORS, AND EVERYONE KNOWS
THAT GOD HATES THE SAMARITANS.
WITH A CAREFUL LINE DRAWN BETWEEN THOSE WHO ARE
AND THOSE WHO ARE NOT HIS NEIGHBORS, THE LAWYER
WOULD BE EQUIPPED TO EARN HIS WAY TO ETERNAL LIFE.
TRUE TO FORM, INSTEAD OF GIVING A DIRECT ANSWER
TO THE LAWYER’S QUESTION, RABBI JESUS
CHOOSES TO TELL A STORY IN THE FORM OF A PARABLE.
AGAIN, TRUE TO FORM, THE STORY IS DESIGNED TO
TRAP THE LAWYER INTO HAVING TO AFFIRM
A MUCH BIGGER DEFINITION OF THE WORD “NEIGHBOR”
THAN HE IS COMFORTABLE WITH.
IN FACT, JESUS’ DEFINITION OF “NEIGHBOR” AS USED
IN THIS PARABLE IS THE MOST INCLUSIVE DEFINITION OF THIS WORD
EVER PROPOSED BY ANYONE ANYWHERE.
IT EXCLUDES NO ONE.
SO JESUS CHOOSES TO TELL A STORY, AND THE STORY IS ABOUT
A MAN WALKING THE NOTORIOUSLY DANGEROUS SEVENTEEN MILES
FROM JERUSALEM TO JERICHO, A ROAD FAMOUS
FOR THE MULTITUDE OF ITS MUGGERS AND MUGGINGS.
THE TRAVELER IN JESUS’ STORY IS INDEED MUGGED, BEATEN,
AND LEFT UNCONSCIOUS AT THE BORDER OF DEATH.
THIS SETS THE STAGE FOR THE THREE PASSERS-BY.
IN THE STORYTELLING TRADITION OF THE TIME, JESUS’ AUDIENCE
WOULD HAVE EXPECTED A THREESOME CONSISTING OF A PRIEST,
A LEVITE, AND AN ISRAELITE, OR LAYMAN.
WE MIGHT COMPARE A MODERN JOKE ABOUT A PRIEST, A RABBI, AND A MINISTER.
HOWEVER, JESUS BREAKS THE EXPECTED SERIES
BY USING A PRIEST, A LEVITE, AND A SAMARITAN.
A COMPARABLE MODERN DISJUNCTION FOR US WOULD BE
A JOKE ABOUT A PRIEST, A RABBI, AND A REFUGEE.
THE LAWYER, AND ALL THOSE OVERHEARING THIS STORY,
INCLUDING JESUS’ DISCIPLES, WOULD HAVE BEEN
STUNNED AND SHOCKED AT THE USE OF A SAMARITAN AS THE HERO.
BECAUSE OF THEIR STATUS AS BOTH HALF-BREEDS AND HERETICS,
SAMARITANS WERE CONSIDERED DOUBLY UNCLEAN,
WORSE, EVEN, THAN GENTILES.
THE FIRST PERSON TO PASS BY IS A PRIEST.
THE PRIEST FINDS HIMSELF FACED WITH A DILEMMA.
HOW DOES HE KNOW THE VICTIM IS A NEIGHBOR?
BECAUSE THE ROBBERS TOOK THE VICTIM’S CLOTHES,
THE PRIEST CANNOT DETERMINE HIS ETHNIC ROOTS.
BECAUSE THE VICTIM IS UNABLE TO SPEAK,
HE CANNOT IDENTIFY HIM BY HIS ACCENT.
WHY, THE MAN MIGHT NOT EVEN BE JEWISH!
ANOTHER POSSIBILITY EXISTS: THE MAN MIGHT EVEN BE DEAD.
AS A PRIEST, THE CEREMONIAL LAW FORBIDS HIM TO GO CLOSER
THAN FOUR CUBITS, ABOUT SIX FEET, TO A CORPSE.
HE WOULD HAVE TO OVERSTEP THAT BOUNDARY
JUST TO DETERMINE THE CONDITION OF THE VICTIM.
IF HE DOES THAT, AND THE VICTIM IS INDEED DEAD,
THE PRIEST WOULD HAVE TO TEAR HIS EXPENSIVE GARMENTS.
MORE: THE PRIEST COLLECTS, DISTRIBUTES, AND EATS TITHES.
IF HE DEFILES HIMSELF BY TOUCHING A PROHIBITED PERSON
OR DEAD BODY, HE CAN DO NONE OF THESE THINGS.
HIS FAMILY AND HIS SERVANTS WILL ALSO SUFFER
THE CONSEQUENCES OF HIS RASH ACTIONS!
THE NEXT PERSON TO PASS BY IS A LEVITE.
THE LEVITES FUNCTIONED IN THE TEMPLE AS ASSISTANTS
TO THE PRIESTS.
THIS PARTICULAR LEVITE PROBABLY KNOWS THAT A PRIEST
IS AHEAD OF HIM ON THE ROAD.
HE MAY EVEN BE AN ASSISTANT TO THAT SAME PRIEST.
SINCE THE PRIEST HAD ALREADY SET A PRECEDENT,
THE LEVITE COULD ALSO PASS BY WITH AN EASY CONSCIENCE.
THE THIRD PERSON PASSING BY IS A SAMARITAN.
HE IS THE ONLY ONE OF THE THREE WHO REALLY SEES THE VICTIM,
AND ON SEEING HIS PLIGHT IS MOVED TO PITY, OR COMPASSION.
THIS IS THE SAME VERB THAT JESUS USES TO DESCRIBE
THE EMOTION OF THE FATHER OF THE PRODIGAL SON
WHEN THAT SON RETURNS HOME,
THE SAME VERB THAT JESUS USES TO DESCRIBE
GOD’S COMPASSION FOR ALL SINNERS.
THE SAMARITAN IS RIDING GOD’S RIVER OF MERCY.
HIS INTERIOR COMMUNION WITH THE SOURCE OF COMPASSION
IS EXPRESSING ITSELF IN HIS MIND, SOUL, HEART, AND STRENGTH.
HIS LOVE OF GOD HAS MADE HIM COMPASSION-READY.
SEEING THE ROBBED AND BEATED MAN MERELY TRIGGERS
WHAT IS ALREADY IN HIM.
ILLUMINED ACTING IS CO-ACTING WITH GOD.
IT IS NOT A STRENUOUS ACT OF WILLPOWER.
RATHER, IT IS AN ACT OF COOPERATION
WITH AN ABUNDANT SOURCE.
IT IS LETTING GO AND LETTING GOD.
IT HAPPENS, AND WE HAPPEN WITH IT.
ILLUMINED ACTING IS FLOWING FROM AND WITH LOVE.
THE IDEAL SEQUENCE OF RESPONSES ILLUSTRATED
BY THE SAMARITAN IN THIS STORY IS TO FEEL SOMETHING,
TO WANT TO DO SOMETHING, AND, FINALLY,
TO ACTUALLY DO SOMETHING.
JESUS IS MAKING TWO SHOCKING POINTS IN THIS STORY.
THE FIRST SHOCKING POINT IS PRECISELY
THE GOODNESS OF THE SAMARITAN.
WHEN THE STORY IS READ AS ONE TOLD TO A JEWISH AUDIENCE
BY A JEWISH JESUS IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO AVOID FACING
THE GOOD MAN NOT JUST AS GOOD, BUT AS A GOOD SAMARITAN.
THE STORY CHALLENGES THE HEARER TO PUT TOGETHER
TWO IMPOSSIBLE AND CONTRADICTORY WORDS FOR THE SAME
PERSON: SAMARITAN AND NEIGHBOR.
THE LITERAL POINT OF THE STORY IS TO CONFRONT ITS HEARERS
WITH THE NECESSITY OF SAYING THE IMPOSSIBLE AND HAVING
THEIR WORLD TURNED UPSIDE DOWN AND RADICALLY QUESTIONED.
THE METAPHORICAL POINT IS THAT JUST SO DOES GOD’S KINGDOM
ABRUPTLY BREAK INTO A PERSON’S CONSCIOUSNESS
AND DEMAND THE OVERTURNING OF PRIOR VALUES,
CLOSED OPTIONS, SET JUDGMENTS, AND ALREADY ESTABLISHED
CONCLUSIONS.
THE SECOND RADICAL POINT THAT JESUS IS MAKING,
A POINT LARGELY LOST LOST
ON CHRISTIAN HEARERS OF THIS PARABLE,
IS THE IMPLICIT COMMAND TO LOVE ONE’S ENEMY
BY ACCEPTING HELP FROM THAT SAME ENEMY.
JESUS KNEW THAT THE JEWISH LAWYER, THE JEWISH PEASANTS,
THE JEWISH PHARISEES, AND HIS OWN JEWISH DISCIPLES
WOULD BE UNABLE TO IDENTIFY WITH THE SAMARITAN
IN THIS STORY.
THE STRETCH WOULD BE JUST TOO GREAT FOR THEM.
THE PERSON THEY COULD AND WOULD IDENTIFY WITH
WOULD BE THE JEWISH VICTIM.
SEEN FROM THE VICTIM’S POINT-OF-VIEW, THIS STORY,
IF ANYTHING, BECOMES EVEN MORE RADICAL,
EVEN MORE CHALLENGING, BECAUSE IT MOVES US
FROM THE REALM OF DOING GOOD TO ONE WE INTENSELY DISLIKE,
TO ACCEPTING GOOD FROM ONE WE INTENSELY DISLIKE.
SEEING THE PARABLE FROM THE VICTIM’S PERSPECTIVE
MOVES THE INTERPRETATION FROM MERELY FOLLOWING
A MORAL EXAMPLE TO THE MUCH HARDER CHALLENGE
TO LOVE ONE’S ENEMIES.
OF COURSE JESUS WANTS HIS FOLLOWERS TO AID
THOSE IN NEED, BUT HE ALSO WANTS THEM TO SEE THE WORLD
FROM THE BOTTOM UP AND TO KNOW WHAT IT IS LIKE
NOT ONLY TO GIVE AID, BUT TO NEED AID, AND TO RECEIVE AID –
AID GIVEN BY ONE WE VIEW AS AN ENEMY.
AND LET US NOT LET OURSELVES OFF THE HOOK TOO EASILY
BY IMMEDIATELY IMAGINING THAT THIS ENEMY-AID
HAS TO COME FROM SOME WILDLY IMPROBABLE SOURCE
LIKE A TERRORIST OR EVEN A REFUGEE.
THE REAL CHALLENGE FOR US WOULD BE TO ALLOW OURSELVES
TO RECEIVE AID FROM AN “ENEMY” WHO IS A FAMILY MEMBER,
CO-WORKER, OR FELLOW-STUDENT WHOM WE INTENSELY DISLIKE,
AND JUST AS INTENSELY REJECT.
HERE IS WHERE JESUS’ COMMAND TO “LOVE ONE’S ENEMIES”
MOVES FROM AN EASILY-IGNORED GENERALITY TO SOMETHING
WHICH IS SHOCKINGLY SPECIFIC, SOMETHING WHICH IS
IMPOSSIBLE TO DO ON OUR OWN POWER,
SOMETHING WHICH IS ONLY POSSIBLE IF WE LET GO AND LET GOD.
(PAUSE)
LET’S LOOK AT THIS PARABLE FROM JESUS’ PERSPECTIVE.
JESUS SEES EACH OF US AS WALKING DOWN A ROAD
AS PERILOUS AS THE JOURNEY FROM JERUSALEM TO JERICHO,
THE JOURNEY WE MAKE FROM BIRTH TO DEATH.
IT IS A ROAD OF EXQUISITE BEAUTY AND ADVENTURE,
BUT ALSO ONE OF GREAT PERIL.
SUCH GREAT PERIL, IN FACT, THAT WE CANNOT MAKE THE JOURNEY
WITHOUT BEING BESET, FROM TIME TO TIME, BY VICIOUS ROBBERS.
YOU KNOW SOME OF THEIR NAMES: DESPAIR, ADDICTION, REJECTION, UNREMITTING LONELINESS, UNREASONING FEAR,
RELENTLESS RAGE, CRUSHING DEFEAT.
THEY SPRING UPON US WHEN WE ARE LEAST READY,
AND EVENTUALLY THEY BEAT US AND LEAVE US HALF DEAD –
YES, AND WORSE, FOR THEIR ATTACK IS SUCH THAT,
UNLESS HELP COMES, WE WILL SURELY DIE.
LYING IN THAT HALF-DEAD STATE, UNABLE TO HELP OURSELVES,
WE HEAR FOOTSTEPS APPROACHING.
WE RECOGNIZE THE TRAVELER AS ONE WHOSE HELP WE WELCOME,
FOR HE WILL LET US PAY OUR OWN WAY, ALLOWING US
TO HOLD ON TO OUR SELF-SUFFICIENCY.
WE EXPLAIN THAT WE ARE DESERVING, THAT OUR CREDENTIALS
ARE GOOD, THAT WE’VE ALWAYS HAD A GOOD RECORD.
BUT THE STRANGER PASSES US BY.
HE IS ABLE TO HELP ONLY THOSE WHO DON’T NEED HELP,
AND, AT BEST, HIS HELP IS SUPERFICIAL AND TEMPORARY.
IN TRUTH, NO ONE CAN PAY HIS OR HER OWN WAY
IN OUR PREDICAMENT; AFTER ALL, WE’VE BEEN ROBBED
AND STRIPPED, SO HOW CAN WE PAY OUR WAY?
NOW ANOTHER STRANGER APPEARS.
WE APPEAL TO HER ON THE BASIS OF OUR SINCERITY.
WE NEVER INTENDED TO GET INTO TROUBLE.
AND THE CIRCUMSTANCES AREN’T REALLY OUR FAULT.
WE’VE MEANT WELL; DOESN’T SINCERITY COUNT FOR ANYTHING?
BUT AS THIS STRANGER PASSES, WE REALIZE THAT, OF ITSELF,
SINCERITY IS NO VIRTUE.
AFTER ALL, IT’S QUITE POSSIBLE TO BE SINCERELY WRONG.
AND, SINCERE OR NOT, WE’RE IN TROUBLE.
THEN A THIRD STRANGER COMES.
CLEARLY, HE IS A SAMARITAN, FOR HE CARRIES A CROSS,
AND WE REMEMBER THAT ANCIENT SCRIPTURE SAYS,
“CURSED IS ANYONE WHO HANGS ON A TREE.”
STILL WORSE, AS HE DRAWS NEAR, WE REMEMBER A DESCRIPTION
FROM LONG AGO: “HE WAS DESPISED AND REJECTED. . .
A MAN OF SORROWS, AND ACQUAINTED WITH GRIEF;
HE WAS DESPISED, AND WE ESTEEMED HIM NOT.”
A SAMARITAN, INDEED!
BUT HE VOLUNTEERS TO HELP.
WE TRY TO EXPLAIN: “I CAN PAY MY OWN WAY.
I’M A DESERVING PERSON, YOU KNOW.”
THE STRANGER ANSWERS, “NO ONE CAN PURCHASE WHAT I OFFER,
NOR CAN ANYONE DESERVE IT. BUT I SHALL BE GLAD
TO GIVE IT TO YOU.”
AND HE LIFTS US TO HIS DONKEY,
A WONDROUSLY AWKWARD BEAST CALLED GRACE.
BUT YOU AND I DON’T WANT THAT KIND OF HELP.
THIS SAMARITAN EMBARRASSES US BY HIS VERY
KINDNESS AND COMPASSION, BECAUSE HE WON’T LET US
PAY OUR OWN WAY, AND BECAUSE HE ISN’T IMPRESSED
BY OUR CREDENTIALS.
IT IS A GIFT THAT WE CAN NEVER, IN ANY WAY, REPAY.
SOMETIMES WE THINK WE’D RATHER DIE IN OUR LOSTNESS
THAN HUMBLE OURSELVES TO RECEIVE THIS STRANGER’S GIFT.
I HAVE A FEELING THAT THE DYING MAN IN JESUS’ PARABLE
MUST HAVE FELT THIS WAY WHEN HIS HELP CAME BY WAY
OF A DESPISED SAMARITAN, AND I KNOW FULL WELL
THAT YOU AND I DRAW BACK WHEN GOD’S ETERNAL SAMARITAN
EXTENDS HIS OFFER.
WE ACCEPT HIM ONLY WHEN OUR NEED IS SO DESPERATE
THAT WE MUST ACCEPT HIM –
ONLY WHEN WE FINALLY ADMIT THAT WE ARE POWERLESS
TO HELP OURSELVES; AND ONLY WHEN WE SEE
WHAT ACCEPTANCE AND LOVE THIS DIVINE SAMARITAN OFFERS.
ONLY THEN ARE WE WILLING TO BE LIFTED ONTO THAT DONKEY
CALLED GRACE AND RIDE IT, ALONGSIDE CHRIST THE SAMARITAN,
INTO GOD’S SAFE AND ETERNAL LODGING.
AMEN.